"I need to make sense of my birth experience": A descriptive qualitative study of postnatal women's opinions, and expectations about postnatal debriefing.

BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that women feel valued and satisfied after discussing their birth experiences. However, uncertainties persist surrounding the concept of postnatal debriefing practice. AIM: To explore the opinions and expectations of women relating to postnatal debriefing and their experiences when the postnatal debriefing is not presented. METHOD: A descriptive qualitative study of 20 postnatal women was conducted using in-depth semi-structured interviews from April-May 2023. Thematic analysis was applied to the data collected in interviews. RESULTS: Analysis of interview data generated three main themes and nine sub-themes. Women wanted to make sense of their birth experience They expressed their opinions on the components of postnatal debriefing They advocated for all women to be offered this practice by known healthcare professionals who interact with them They do not want to only talk about their birth experience but also meet their needs Women agree that expectations related to birth determine the need for the practice. They hoped for psychological adaptation by relieving their distress and gaining a sense of closure. The discussion process was expected to prevent reflection of trauma to the future and provide transition to the postnatal period. CONCLUSION: The present study explored women perceptions and expectations of postnatal debriefing. Healthcare professionals should behave sensitively to women's expectations and needs in relation to their birth experience. Further research is warranted to clarify the components and effects of postnatal debriefing practice to develop consolidated guidance.

A grounded theory of resilience experiences of women with gynecological cancer.

PURPOSE: The present study aims to develop an explanatory framework to gain a deeper understanding of the resilience process in women diagnosed with gynecological cancers. METHOD: Informed by Salutogenesis Model, a Straussian-grounded theory study was conducted. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 women with gynecological cancer between January and August 2022. Data were analyzed using open, axial, selective coding, and constant comparative methods. RESULTS: The core category encapsulated that most women defined resilience as having a dynamic process that could be promoted throughout the process. However, they expressed that they needed "individual resources for resilience" and "generated resources by the supportive interventions" to be resilient. They emphasized that these resources should make the process manageable, meaningful, and comprehensible to promote resilience. Furthermore, they defined in detail which components should be included in supportive interventions. They stated "some reflections of resilience on their cancer process" and "life gains from the process." CONCLUSION: This study developed a grounded theory that provides a guideline for healthcare professionals on how women could be encouraged to have resilience and what is the importance of resilience on women's cancer process and their lives. Salutogenesis may help to understand the resilience process in women with gynecological cancer and provides direction for how healthcare professionals should shape their clinical interventions to promote the resilience process.

Self-transcendence among adults 65 years and older: A meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Self-transcendence is a human capacity for wellbeing by expanding one's personal boundaries and may act as a health-promoting resource among adults ≥65 years. Therefore, the objectives of this meta-analysis were to determine the mean score of self-transcendence based on place of residence and gender, and to evaluate the correlations of self-transcendence with meaning, sense of coherence, resilience and depression. METHODS: Based on inclusion criteria, 13 studies were included. Orwin Safe N and Egger's test assessed publication bias. The mean score of self-transcendence and the correlation coefficients of the selected variables were estimated by random effects models. RESULTS: The self-transcendence mean score (n = 1634) was low (M = 43.6) and a bit lower among those staying in care facilities (M = 42.8), but did not vary significantly across gender. The correlation coefficients were self-transcendence_depression (r = -0.40), self-transcendence_meaning-in-life (r = 0.53), self-transcendence_resilience (r = 0.50) and self-transcendence_sense of coherence (r = 0.28). The correlation coefficients, except for meaning-in-life, were homogeneous. CONCLUSION: In a health-promoting perspective, the concept of self-transcendence can help to better understand wellbeing among older individuals and provide guidance for health professionals in facilitating wellbeing and health. The concept and theory of self-transcendence can inspire health professionals in realising new health-promoting approaches to support older individuals in maintaining health, wellbeing and independency.

Is marital adjustment a way to increase women's identification with the motherhood role during pregnancy?: A correlational assessment.

The researchers sought to determine the correlation level and factors that affect the correlation between pregnant women's marital adjustment and their identification with the motherhood role. A total of 146 healthy, married, and pregnant women were included. There was a negative and significantly low-level correlation between marital adjustment and identification with the motherhood role. The correlation was significant among women who were multiparous, married for six to 10 years, with low level of education, and decided to marry in agreement. The authors of this study suggest promoting marital adjustment may be way to facilitate women's identification with the motherhood role.

The postpartum period during the COVID-19 pandemic: investigating Turkish women's postpartum support and postpartum-specific anxiety.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine how Turkish women were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the postpartum period in terms of postpartum support and anxiety variables. METHODS: The study was conducted with 130 women who gave birth during the COVID-19 period. Data were collected online using a personal information form, Postpartum Support Scale and Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale. Descriptive statistics were used, with Kruskal-Wallis and regression analysis performed. RESULTS: All postpartum women stated that they were affected negatively by COVID-19. The most common issues described were feeling alone (25.51%), having economic difficulties (15.5%) and experiencing difficulties accessing health services (21.7%). The mean Postpartum Support Scale score was 102.43 ± 27.67, while the mean Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale score was 188.07 ± 96.71. COVID-19 exposure level had a significant effect on postpartum-specific anxiety (p=0.00). The variables of having a problem during pregnancy (p=0.006), having a baby willingly (p=0.007), and partner's educational status significantly predicted the degree of being affected by COVID-19 (p=0.025). The degree to which COVID-19 affected the women was determined by having problems during pregnancy, having a baby willingly, and a highly educated partner. CONCLUSIONS: These variables may inform a resource to empower postpartum women during COVID-19. Healthcare systems need to be organised considering pandemic conditions to provide increased postpartum support, evaluate psychological health, deliver healthcare services, and consider pregnancy periods.

Turkish midwives' experiences and opinions in promoting normal births: A grounded theory study.

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, the biomedical model of maternity care has been dominant, with the overuse of interventions. AIM: This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences and opinions of Turkish midwives regarding the promotion of normal births. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 midwives; data were analysed using grounded theory. The data were analysed according to the constant comparative method. FINDINGS: The study generated a core category (We want to promote normal births, but have no power to do it), which means all participants wanted to promote normal births. However, they have been disempowered by the medicalised systems of care. There were also three main categories (different ideologies in the labour ward, the midwives have no power, unempowered women). The participants reported that different ideologies in the labour ward were a challenge to promoting normal births. Their working conditions and education level were not enough to support normal birth. The pregnant women were described as unempowered due to a lack of antenatal education and having a fear of childbirth. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Normal birth could be promoted by enhancing the power and responsibilities of midwives. The women need antenatal education to have a normal birth. The normal birth may promote the enhanced readiness of women and midwives.

Sexual behaviours and education in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: A grounded theory study of experiences and opinions of their mothers in Turkey.

This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences and opinions of mothers about sexual behaviours and sexual education of their children with DS who are AYAs in Turkey. The study utilised a classic grounded theory approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 mothers. Data were analyzed by the constant comparative method. Mothers expressed that they could not address the sexual needs of their child because they did not feel they could provide sufficient care to their child. Mothers used pressure and control tactics and neglect of the sexuality to cope with their children's sexuality. Mothers described their meaning of the sexuality, fear of stigmatization and gender issues as determinant factors on the dealing with the sexuality. They stated their knowledge about sexuality is not enough to provide sexual education. Many cultural issues such as gender, meaning of the sexuality and burden of care was described as determinant factors and difficulties to providing sexual education. Therefore, educational and supportive programmes for parents should be conducted. Comprehensive, valid and individualized sexual education program also should be provided AYAs with DS.

'It was difficult, but our struggle to touch lives gave us strength': The experience of nurses working on COVID-19 wards.

BACKGROUND: Nurses are considered important healthcare professionals during the management of the pandemic process due to the considerable amount of time they spend in the face-to-face nursing of infected patients. To optimise the service of healthcare workers, it is recommended that the mental health needs of the health workforce are addressed. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the experiences and coping strategies of Turkish nurses working in pandemic units. METHODS: A grounded theory design was applied. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 nurses. The data were analysed according to the constant comparative method. RESULTS: The study generated a core category ('It was difficult working in the unknown, but our struggle to touch lives gave us strength'), showing that all nurses felt heroic via the satisfaction of touching patients' lives and uncertain. Four main categories emerged: being caught in the pandemic, empowerment for coping with the struggle, challenges during the coping process and effects of the pandemic on life. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses felt that their profession was sacred and valued by society, and comprehensive support had facilitated the process. Nurses had difficulty in managing their fear of infecting others and adapting to many new elements, the learning process and a lack of understanding of their role as team members. The nurses attending to the pandemic have experienced the effects of COVID-19 on their lives, such as psychological growth, psychological symptoms and being labelled as high risk. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses would be further empowered by government and society's support and acceptance of professionalism in nursing. The findings suggest that the resources for the psychological support of nurses in the pandemic should be increased. Regular and intensive training for nursing is necessary to promote adaptation and efficacy in crisis management.

"I want a birth without interventions": Women's childbirth experiences from Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Although primarily stemming from research conducted in high-income countries, culturally sensitive knowledge of women's experiences with and needs during childbirth, as well as how such experiences affect their psychological health and wellbeing, is important to add to the big picture of women's experiences with childbirth worldwide. AIM: The aim of the study was to clarify how primiparous women in Turkey experience childbirth and intrapartum care. METHODS: Grounded theory guided depth-interviews with 12 women, whose data were analysed according to the constant comparative method. FINDINGS: Participants reported wanting vaginal birth without interventions (i.e. normal birth), which required their empowerment as well as support from others. Although they recognised their readiness for the birth process as a decisive factor in coping with childbirth, they prioritised quality of care from healthcare professionals during birth, which most participants found unsatisfactory. They also highlighted the importance of giving birth in a health-promoting environment offering privacy, silence and comfort. DISCUSSION: To support normal birth, the World Health Organization's intrapartum care model prioritises continuity of care, respectful labour and childbirth care, effective communication from healthcare personnel and emotional support from a companion of choice. Salutogenesis can also guide clinical birth practices to promote normal birth and positive birth experiences. CONCLUSION: All women strove to experience normal birth, which required antenatal education and emotional support from a partner or family and from healthcare professionals. Normal birth and positive childbirth experiences also required quality intrapartum care and a health-promoting environment.